Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measure(s) relating to redistricting in Maryland. In Maryland, seven of eight elections for the United States House of Representatives were won by margins of victory of 20 percent or greater.

In contrast with racial gerrymandering, on which the Supreme Court of the United States has issued rulings in the past affirming that such practices violate federal law, the high court had not, as of November 2017, issued a ruling establishing clear precedent on the question of partisan gerrymandering. Each of Maryland's eight United States Representatives and 188 state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. In two states, politician commissions draw congressional district lines. To learn more about each of these bills, click the bill title. There are 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives. The process affects districts at various levels of government, including the U.S. House of Representatives, state legislatures, city councils, county commissions or councils and local school boards. However, it also says that Congress is the ultimate authority and may supersede state laws. [34], If the state legislature is unable to approve a state legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines (the backup commission is not involved in congressional redistricting). Sixteen elections (3.7 percent of all House elections) were won by margins of victory of less than 5 percent. In 2012, 14.6 percent of the contests studied saw competitive general elections. The decision did not apply to the remedial districts adopted in 2013. Ballot access for candidates | The plaintiffs argued that Bredar's decision violated the Three Judge Court Act (28 U.S.C. § 2284 is insubstantial, and that three judges therefore are not required, not because it concludes that the complaint is wholly frivolous, but because it concludes that the complaint fails to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). As a result, the plaintiffs argued, more voters overall were placed in districts favoring Republicans than in those favoring Democrats, thereby diluting the votes of citizens in the Republican-dominated districts.

sortBy: "0", In two states, politician commissions draw congressional district lines. The process is complicated, but you don’t have to be a politician or a policy wonk to understand the basics. Taxes. According to All About Redistricting, "it has become accepted that a [redistricting] plan will be constitutionally suspect if the largest and smallest districts [within a state or jurisdiction] are more than 10 percent apart."[10]. [40], On October 4, 2011, the governor's advisory redistricting commission released a proposal for new congressional districts.

Texas comprises 31 state Senate districts and 150 state House districts. The map to the right depicts Texas' congressional district lines as drawn following the 2010 United States Census. Following the 2010 United States Census, Maryland was apportioned eight congressional districts.

Election governance | [2][3][4], Critics, meanwhile, contend that the establishment of majority-minority districts can result in packing, which occurs when a constituency or voting group is placed within a single district, thereby minimizing its influence in other districts. Congressional redistricting in Pennsylvania is done through the regular legislative process. The panel also ordered a stay on the proceedings pending a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in Gill v. Whitford. Associate Justice Elena Kagan penned a dissent, joined by Associate Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, and Sonia Sotomayor. At the time of redistricting, certain states were required to obtain preclearanceA jurisdiction subject to preclearance needed to get approval from the U.S. Department of Justice before changing election laws or district maps. See the table below for full details. Judicial Selection | Associate Justice Clarence Thomas penned an opinion that concurred in part with the majority opinion and in the judgment, joined by Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch. A total of 321 elections (73.8 percent of all House elections) were won by margins of victory of 20 percent or more. A majority-minority district is a district in which minority groups compose a majority of the district's total population.

When used in a rhetorical manner by opponents of a particular district map, the term has a negative connotation but does not necessarily address the legality of a challenged map.
The rulings in these cases, which originated in a variety of states, impact redistricting processes across the nation. This type of legislation is called an interstate compact. The table below lists Maryland's current House representatives. Article II, Section 16 of the Pennsylvania Constitution requires these districts “be composed of compact and contiguous territory as nearly equal in population as practicable” and to avoid dividing a “county, city, incorporated town, borough, township or ward” unless absolutely necessary. ... [It] is often the case that partisan redistricting has the effect of reducing the safety of incumbents, thereby making elections more competitive. In 2012, Jennifer Clark, a political science professor at the University of Houston, said, "The redistricting process has important consequences for voters. In addition to the federal criteria noted above, individual states may impose additional requirements on redistricting.

Currently, the only way to fight for fair districts is with lawsuits. These four pick a fifth person to be chair. Ballotpedia found that the average margin of victory was 36.6 percent.

Nevertheless, the Court concludes that ordering preclearance on the current record would be inappropriate, given the recent guidance from the Supreme Court and the Fifth Circuit.

State executives | Public education | if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Kristen Vonasek • Kayla Harris • Megan Brown • Mary Dunne • Sarah Groat • Heidi Jung The problem is, Pennsylvania law doesn’t say how congressional districts should be redrawn or what criteria should be used to ensure new district boundaries are fair. The governor submits a state legislative redistricting proposal (an advisory commission appointed by the governor assists in drafting this proposal). Each state is allotted a portion of these seats based on the size of its population relative to the other states.

This means that after the 2020 census is completed, new lines will be drawn for several types of voting districts:.

At issue was the constitutionality of state legislative districts in Texas. Ballot measure laws | Redistricting is the process by which new congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn. from the U.S. Department of Justice before adopting redistricting plans or making other changes to their election laws—a requirement struck down by the United States Supreme Court in Shelby County v. Holder (2013). Consequently, a state may gain seats in the House if its population grows or lose seats if its population decreases, relative to populations in other states. Note: Due to the nature of the sorting process used to generate this list, some results may not be relevant to the topic.

Although the court has granted in past cases that partisan gerrymandering can violate the United States Constitution, it has never adopted a standard for identifying or measuring partisan gerrymanders. Justice of the Peace Courts, Budget and finances |

Elections calendar | The smallest margin of victory occurred in District 23, where Will Hurd (R) won by 1.3 percent. State legislature |

This, the plaintiffs argued, constituted a partisan gerrymander.

[66][67], On July 24, 2019, the district court declined to subject the state to a federal preclearance remedy that would have required state lawmakers to obtain approval from the U.S. Department of Justice before enacting changes to the state's election laws and procedures, including implementation of redistricting plans. The Legislature does not vote on the commission’s plans, and the governor has no power to sign or veto them. | That’s why Pennsylvania lost one House seat after the last census, and we’re projected to lose one or two more in 2020. Justice Elena Kagan delivered the court's majority opinion, which was joined by Justices Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, and Sonia Sotomayor (Thomas also filed a separate concurring opinion). Ballot access for parties | How many members does Texas have in its House of Representatives? Legislators who lack competition in their districts have less incentive to adhere to their constituents’ opinions. ", States and other political subdivisions may create majority-minority districts in order to comply with Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. In March 2018, United States Solicitor General Noel Francisco requested that court permit him, on behalf of the federal government, to argue in support of Texas during oral argument on April 24, 2018.[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. For additional background information on the redistricting process, click "[Show more]" below. [1][15], The phrase racial gerrymandering refers to the practice of drawing electoral district lines to dilute the voting power of racial minority groups.
[16], The phrase partisan gerrymandering refers to the practice of drawing electoral district maps with the intention of favoring one political party over another.

backImage: "flat", Public pensions | Because of this ruling, voting districts are now drawn to be equal in population. On June 27, 2019, the Supreme Court of the United States issued its opinion in, A total of 42 states require that state legislative district lines be drawn to account for. title: "Redistricting in Texas",

The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms Redistricting Maryland. [23][24][25][26], Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 2016. Circuit Courts | Cottrill cautioned, however, that non-legislative approaches "contribute neither to decreased vote percentages when incumbents win elections nor to a greater probability of their defeat."[38]. The ruling did not apply to the remedial districts adopted in 2013.


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