[50], However, later sagas greatly expand upon Eric's activities in the interim between his reigns in Norway and Northumbria, claiming that he initially adopted a predatory lifestyle of raiding, whether or not he was aiming for a more political line of business in the longer run. He may have led the Viking forces in a second bid for the throne, or only returned from the sideline to exploit the ravages of defeat. In 947, Wulfstan attests six or seven charters (S 522a, 523, 525–26, 528, 542 and the spurious S 521), but he is absent from another four (S 522, 524, 527, 530); in AD 948, it is eight charters (S 531–32, 535, 542, 547 and the spurious S 536–37, 540) against three (S 533–34 and the spurious 538). "[26] In the Flateyjarbók, it is preceded by another stanza which refers to the "handmaidens of Ragnhildr" (ambáttir Ragnhildar) as witnesses of the event. Harald’s death destroyed whatever arrangements he made for his sons. Peace negotiations followed later that year to the effect that Edmund accepted Amlaíb as an ally and as two northern sources add, ceded to him Northumbria as far south as Watling Street. The story can be summarised as follows. Eric Bloodaxe 10th-century Norwegian ruler ... 954 deaths; Éric (given name) Kings of Norway; Famous Vikings; Fairhair dynasty; Kings by name; 890s births; 950s deaths; Monarchs of Northumbria; Non-topical/index: Uses of Wikidata Infobox; Deceased people by name; Uses of Wikidata Infobox with no family name; Men by name; People by name ; Navigation menu. Eirik was a stout handsome man, strong, and very manly, —a great and fortunate man of war; but bad-minded, gruff, unfriendly, and silent. Eric passed away in 940, at age 45 at death place. There is a distinction between contemporary or near contemporary sources for Eric's period as ruler of Northumbria, and the entirely saga-based sources that detail the life of Eric of Norway, a chieftain who ruled the Norwegian Westland in the 930s. He is a king who ruled over Norway around the 9th~10th Century. Odin had eagerly awaited his coming because "many lands [...] / with his sword he has reddened" and on being asked why he had deprived Eric of such earthly glory, answers that "the future is uncertain", since the grey wolf is always lying in wait. However, this plan did not go well, as Egill easily killed the pair when they confronted him, greatly increasing the Queen's thirst for revenge. [52] However, a number of later sagas such as the Separate Saga of St. Olaf (c. 1225), Heimskringla, Egils saga and Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta assert that he sailed directly to Orkney, where he took the joint jarls into vassalage, collected forces and so set up a base which enabled him to organise several expeditions in overseas territory. Eadred responded by invading and ravaging Northumbria. [96] Likewise, the early 12th century De primo Saxonum adventu notes that "[f]irst of the earls after Erik, the last king whom the Northumbrians had, Osulf administered under King Eadred all the provinces of the Northumbrians. His victory in the Battle of Brunanburh in 937, in which he and his half-brother Edmund defeated Gofraid's son King Olaf (III) Guthfrithson of Dublin, seems to have had the effect of consolidating his power. All evidence seems to point to its use as a boundary marker (between Cumbria and Northumbria), much like the Legg's cross (County Durham) on Dere Street. Days ago, he was king of northumbria. [6], Eric's soubriquet blóðøx, ‘Bloodaxe’ or 'Bloody-axe', is of uncertain origin and context. "Egill’s longer poems: This page was last edited on 16 April 2021, at 16:34. ( Public Domain ). In, Bailey, R.N. Family and marriage of Eric Bloodaxe. Did Autism Make the Denisovans Savants of the Prehistoric Age? "[72] The Annals of Ulster for the same year report a victory of the "foreigners", i.e., the Northmen or the Norse-Gaels, over "the men of Scotland and the Welsh [Bretnu, i.e., Britons of Strathclyde] and the Saxons. The jarldom of Orkney, the former Viking base subjected and annexed by Eric's father, came to loom large in these stages of the literary development. Harald Fairhair receiving the kingdom from his father’s hands, in an illustration from the 14th-century ‘Flateyjarbók’. He set up the pole of spite in the cliff-face and left it standing; he faced the horse's eyes on the land, and he rist runes upon the pole, and said all the formal words of the curse. Norwegian kings. Eadred "reduced all the land of Northumbria to his control; and the Scots granted him oaths that they would do all that he wanted. See Sawyer, "Last Scandinavian Kings", p. 42—3; Woolf, "Erik Bloodaxe Revisited", p. 190. Eric Bloodaxe, the Bloodaxe King, is a pinnacle of manliness and wielder of a living axe that thirsts for the blood of his enemies. He clearly benefited from his murderous plot against Eric. [45] Some texts maintain that towards the end of his life, Harald allowed Eric to reign together with him (Heimskringla, Ágrip, Fagrskinna). His name may point to origins in a Norse-Gaelic family based in the Border country. Nevertheless, he may have, through alliances with other Norwegian rulers, exercised some power over other parts of the country. Before it was temporarily housed at the Bowes Museum in 1990 and moved to its present location, it stood on a mound of rock a little further west on the south side of the road – coordinates: NY 89991230. The Goryeo dynasty was a Korean dynasty that existed between the 10th and 14th centuries. "Skaldic Poetry." According to local legend, the Rey Cross at Stainmore marks Eric’s burial spot. about 8 Notorious Vikings Who Left Their Bloody Marks on History, The Female Siberian Ice Maiden Whose Legends Lives On, Medieval Soldier’s Remains Found in a Lithuanian Lake, Ruins of Malden Island and The Mysterious Roads that Lead into the Sea, Great Chain of The Golden Horn: Constantinople’s Impenetrable Barrier, After 300: The Posthumous Vengeance of King Leonidas of Sparta, The Protector of Kea Island: The Lion of Kea, Väinämöinen: The Finnish Deity and Hero Who Inspired Tolkien to Create Gandalf and Tom Bombadil, Cossack-Sorcerers: The Secretive and Magical Warrior Society of Ukraine, Five Female Olympians of Ancient Greece: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, The Sacred Sex and Death Rites of the Ancient Mystery Groves, The hydraulic telegraph of Aeneas – long-distance communication of antiquity, They’re Alive! ll Thus there is no obstacle impeding the beginning of Erik's English career early enough to fit with the chronology outlined in the Life. One may compare Wulfstan's attendance (S 544, 546, 548–550, 552) and non-attendance (S 545, 547, 551) in AD 949. Eric is killed in the battle of Stainmoor in 954. Durham, John Insley, "The Scandinavian Personal Names". "Eiric rex danorum, Botild regina, Tovi, Modera uxor Tovi, Alf, Sunapas, Thor Muntokes sune, Ulf Duft, Torkitell muli, Osbern, Eoltkill, Askill, Turkill, Walecho, Gerbrun". Supposedly, two of his sons, Eric Bloodaxe and Haakon the Good, succeeded Harald to become kings after his death. The following is based on 'Wulfstan 14, fl. "Eddic Poetry in Anglo-Scandinavian Northern England." However, it is uncertain whether her name was already in the original composition, as another manuscript reading has the metrically regular ambáttir Danskar. How Did the Egyptians Bore Through Granite? // Fierce blood throbs in his tongue, / lean words. Oswulf was a supporter of Edred, who may have encouraged the murder. Personal tools. ", p. 73; Woolf, "Erik Bloodaxe Revisited", p. 190. Modern historians, however, agree that  Harald’s kingdom was in fact much smaller, and was probably limited to the west and southwest. The Northumbrians preferred to appease the English king, renounced Eric and paid compensation. The Fagrskinna suggests that Eric gained the nickname ‘Bloodaxe’ due to his Viking raids . W. G. Collingwood, "The Battle of Stainmoor"; F. M. Stenton. After the death of King Harald, Egill and his family are able to return to Norway, but it is not long before they find themselves in conflict with the new king. For further discussion, see. ( Public Domain ). When Harald died, Eric succeeded to the realm, slaughtered the combined forces of his half-brothers Olaf and Sigrød, and gained full control of Norway. It is unclear how many brothers / half-brothers Eric killed, or indeed how many he had. An account of Eric’s death is provided by the Anglo-Saxon chronicler Roger of Wendover. "Eddic poetry in Anglo-Scandinavian Northern England". 2, suggest that Haakon sailed to Norway on the invitation of disgruntled noblemen. [104] In sum then, it looks as if Eric, expelled and heading in a north-westerly direction (possibly in search of support), was about to cross over into Cumbria, when in a bid for power, his official Osulf had him killed through the agency of Maccus. It was Haakon who succeeded in ousting Eric from Norway. [71] Eadred does not appear to have undertaken any significant action and may even have turned a blind eye on his brother's godson, or so at least the silence of the sources appears to suggest. "[97] By contrast, the identity of Eric's slayer, the comes Maccus son of Anlaf, is unclear. [1] Norse sources have identified the two as the same since the late 12th century, and while the subject is controversial, most historians have identified the two figures as the same since W. G. Collingwood's article in 1901. [37] The earliest saga, Historia Norwegiæ, describes her as the daughter of Gorm inn Gamli (‘the Old’), king of Denmark (and hence a sister of Harald Bluetooth). The sources suggest that he killed at least five of his brothers and half-brothers to secure his power, and possibly many more. However, since this seems unlikely to be a reliable eyewitness account, it adds little to our understanding of the historical figure behind the legend of Eric Bloodaxe. Gunnhild ordered her two brothers to kill Egil and Egill's older brother Þórólfr, who had been on good terms with both her and the king before. p. 327. In 939 or 940, almost as soon as Edmund had come to power, a new ruler of the Uí Ímair dynasty had made York his seat. [49] It is also unfortunate that no contemporary or even near contemporary record survives for Eric's short-lived rule in Norway, if it is historical at all. Named targets include Ireland, the Hebrides, Scotland and England. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Erik-I, Vea, M. S., 2019. [14] If genuine, the latter identification would form the only direct clue in the contemporary record which might link Eric with the Norwegian dynasty. [53], It is when Eric gains the kingship in Northumbria that he finally steps more firmly into the historical limelight, even though the sources provide only scanty detail and present notorious problems of their own. Exactly in what sense the Eric of the sagas may have been based on the historical Eric of Northumbria, and conversely, to what extent later evidence might be called upon to shed light on the historical figure, are matters which have inspired a variety of approaches and suggestions among generations of historians. ( Public Domain ). Eric Bloodaxe. The favourite son of the king that unified Norway - Harald Finehair - Eric Bloodaxe inherited the crown of Western Norway on his fathers death, but soon ran into conflict with his brother Hakon. It is not known whether it was a name his contemporaries gave him or whether it was attached to his legend by authors of sagas long after his death. Death of Eric Bloodaxe When Athelstan dies, Eiric came into conflicts with his successor Eadred. But he was ousted by his younger brother and came to Britain where he was made king of Northumbria and lived in a palace in York. As hinted above, the Life of the Scottish saint Cathróe of Metz, written by a cleric (Reimann) who claimed to have been a former pupil of the saint, may possibly shed some light on his background. How Pyramids Are Pointing to Former Geo Poles. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there exists countless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts that have yet to be discovered and explained. Available at: http://avaldsnes.info/en/informasjon/eirik-blodoks/, Williams, G., 2011. For instance, S 432 (AD 437): 'Rex totius Albionis'; S 437 (AD 937): 'rex Anglorum et eque totius Albionis gubernator '; S 438 (AD 937): 'basileos Anglorum et et eque totius Britannie orbis'; S 441 (AD 938): 'basileus industrius Anglorum cunctarumque gentium in circuitu persistentium'; S 444 (AD 938): 'tocius rex Brittanniæ'; S 446 (AD 939): 'basileos Anglorum et equæ totius Brittanniæ orbis curagulus'; S 449 (AD 939). Nonetheless, some sources record that Harald managed to divide his kingdom among all his sons, making each of them kings. By making Eric their king, the Northumbrians may have hoped to gain independence from the Anglo-Saxons in the south, who had brought them under their control in 927 AD. The historical sources – e.g., versions A-F of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Historia regum and Roger of Wendover's Historia Anglorum – tend to be reticent and the chronology is confused. Another chronicler, Symeon of Durham, reports that Maccus was the son of Olaf (either Olaf Sihtricsson or Olaf Guthfrithson, another former ruler of … The account seems designed to enhance Egill's abilities as a warrior, wizard, and poet. In. What perceived threat was being countered remains unclear, but English rule does not seem to have been very warmly received. St Cathróe, a Scottish saint with a Brythonic name, visited a certain King Eric (Erichus) in York as he proceeded southwards from his native Strathclyde and Cumbria to Loida civitas, sometimes identified as Leeds, on the boundary with Cumbria, ultimately intending to go to West France. "„Erindringen om en mægtig Personlighed“: Den norsk-islandske historiske tradisjon om Harald Hårfagre i et kildekritisk perspektiv.“ "Historisk tidsskrift" 81 (2002): 213–30. Erik I. [62] However, in 943, when Amlaíb had marched on to Leicester, one of the Boroughs, he and Wulfstan were besieged by Edmund and managed to escape only by a hair's breadth. It tells that Harald "chose the lady from Denmark [konu danska] / broke with his Rogaland loves / and his lemans of Horthaland, / the maidens of Hálogaland / and of Hathaland eke. Although an excellent series in many ways, Vikings brought with it a pretty romanticized portrait of some of the key names found in the Norse Sagas and the lives they might have lived. Erik Bloodaxe | Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing - eBooks ... ... My Dashboard Megalithic Sites Are More than Just Stone. These days however, this charismatic and beloved Servant carves out a niche by farming quickly and powerfully. Eric Bloodaxe was killed in an ambush at the age of 59, along with five kings from the Hebrides and the two earls of Orkney, on the bleak moors of Stainmore in Teesdale by Maccus, an agent of Oswulf Ealdulfing, the High Reeve or Earl of Bamburgh, who ruled Northumbria north of the Tees. The figure that Eric became in the Norse sagas is a heady mix of history, folklore, and political propaganda. Cast as a dialogue between Bragi, Odin, and fallen heroes, it tells of Eric's arrival in Valhöll, accompanied by five other kings, and his splendid welcome there by Odin and his entourage. Eric Bloodaxe, born 1014 Eric Bloodaxe 1014. Exile to England. He would also make himself King of the Hebrides after conquering them. Gunnhild also put a spell on Egill, which made him feel restless and depressed until they met again. An alternative theory proposed during the 19th century was that Eric was the son of another Harald, Harald Bluetooth , the King of Denmark, though there is little evidence to support this claim. He's headed for dublin, to plot his next move. Available at: http://www.york-pm.co.uk/eric-bloodaxe/, York Museums Trust, 2019. Historians have reconstructed a narrative of Eric's life and career from the scant available historical data. According to this source, Eric was betrayed by a man named Osulf and was slain by Maccus at a place called Stainmore. Having thus ascribed a historical core to the body of Scandinavian material, he in turn interprets the event as a battle.[103]. He had one rival – Earl Oswulf of Bamburgh. [41] Recently, Clare Downham has suggested that Erichius, Eric of Northumbria, is not the same as Eric Bloodaxe. See Sverrir Jakobsson, „„Erindringen om en mægtig Personlighed": Den norsk-islandske historiske tradisjon om Harald Hårfagre i et kildekritisk perspektiv", This episode is not supported by the Kiev history known as the, Downham, "Eric Bloodaxed – Axed? Eric Haraldsson (Old Norse: Eiríkr Haraldsson, Norwegian: Eirik Haraldsson; died 954), nicknamed Eric Bloodaxe (Old Norse: Eiríkr blóðøx, Norwegian: Eirik Blodøks), was a 10th-century Norwegian ruler. Roberta Frank's verdict is that "[h]istory may help us to understand Norse court poetry, but skaldic verse can tell us little about history that we did not already know." What these revealed was a city that, even as Eric Bloodaxe brooded in his hall, was undergoing an economic boom. Between 938 and 941, that is roughly between the Battle of Brunanburh (937) and the recovery of the Five Boroughs (942), the archbishop did not attest any royal charters, but he began to do so during or after the negotiations of 942. We’re the only Pop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. Exactly what made this a betrayal (proditio) in the eyes of the 10th century chronicler or those of Roger of Wendover, is unclear. [39] Icelandic hostility towards Gunnhild has been cited as a possible source for her dissociation from the Danish royal house. Source: lassedesignen /Adobe Stock, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2019. "St Cathróe of Metz and the hagiography of exoticism." Now, he's a three time exile, forced from power by his enemies. Name: Berserker, Eric Bloodaxe, Eric Haraldsson, Bloodaxe King Origin: Fate/Grand Order. 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