[5][6] On 2 August 1990, Iraq invaded and occupied Kuwait, leading to the United States to dispatch troops to Saudi Arabia on 8 August 1990, causing a crisis that led to the Gulf War of 1991. [27], Shimakawa wrote that the way it was the Eurasian characters of the Engineer and Tam are the only ones from Vietnam who actually make it to the United States with Kim committing suicide seems to be sending the message that Americanness is defined in the musical is at least partly in racial terms as notably "...to the extent that Tam and other biracial children are contemplated as even potentially American, their ties to their Vietnamese mothers are severed". An epic tale of a doomed romance forged during the waning days of the Vietnam War, the musical "Miss Saigon" has been breaking hearts — and often stirring controversy — for three decades. The Miss Saigon Controversy. Why or why not? Overture Center apologizes for handling of “Miss Saigon” controversy April 4, 2019 3:41 am Michelle Alfini Top Stories MADISON (WKOW) — As the popular musical, “Miss Saigon” opened at Madison’s Overture Center, theater management apologized for the way they’ve handled concerns from the Asian American community. In the musical, Kim is forced to work at … However, Mackintosh was unable to find a satisfactory replacement for Salonga despite the extensive auditions that he conducted in several American and Canadian cities. It’s hard to imagine another actor, white or Asian, topping the originator of this quirky role. The Engineer, … Jonathan Pryce, ‘Miss Saigon’ and Equity’s Decision In 1990, theatre producer Cameron Mackintosh brought the musical Miss Saigon to Broadway following a highly successful run in London. [13] The prostitute heroine Kim is portrayed as the “Lotus Blossom” archetype, the innocent but sexually available, frail, mysterious, demure and submissive Asian beauty whose life is defined by her love for a white man, in this case the American Marine Chris Scott. Final VersionThis is an analysis of the representation in the show, Miss Saigon. [28] Shimakawa argued that the way that John is portrayed as Chris's sidekick is meant to suggest through he is an American that he does not embody the ideal American in the same way as Chris does. [38] Shimkawa argued that the musical's logo, a painting of a helicopter done in a manner highly evocative of Chinese calligraphy, reflected the musical's perspective that all Asian cultures were just "mysterious aesthetics" for Westerners as the viewpoint in Miss Saigon is that all of Asia, not just Vietnam, is "...inscrutable and/or incomprehensible (although potentially aesthetically and sexually pleasurable), defining Americaness in opposition". Bang BOX COMMUNITY Compose. Pryce starred alongside Salonga and Willy Falk (as Chris) when the show opened on Broadway. [43] As part of their defense of Miss Saigon, Steyn in one of his chapters accused the Asian-American activists who protested against Miss Saigon of racism, whom he accused of a "new tribalism" that threatened "a new era of conformity and sanctimoniousness". A snippet of the original review in The Village Voice. [13] Thuy is portrayed as a "violent" and "barbaric" man in contrast to Kim who is "doggedly loyal and grateful to the United States" sets up a contrast between the "good" Vietnam that the Americans sought to defend vs. the "bad" Vietnam that rejected them..[13] The character of the vicious, sleazy pimp Tran Van Dinh aka the Engineer is a Eurasian man whose sexuality is “…simply incomprehensible, illegible, indeterminate, even as it is spectacularly displayed”. I’m innocent. [21] Shimakawa argued that the romance between the Marine Chris with Kim was intended as a message by Boublil and Schönberg about the legitimacy and justice of the Vietnam war with the submissive Kim looking up to Chris to protect and save her from her own people. Despite the fact that the United States was on the brink of war with Iraq, the Miss Saigon casting controversy was the source of much public interest in 1990 as the Miss Saigon debate made it to the front pages of The New York Times 8 times in August 1990. Feldberg: The controversy over, 'Miss Saigon' comes to Broadway. Producer Cameron Mackintosh threatened to cancel the show, despite massive advance ticket sales. [5] Both Hwang and Wong had seen Miss Saigon on the West End of London, and felt Pryce's performance as the Engineer was demeaning to Asian people. For many, it is seen as one of the most famous examples of contemporary “yellow-face” performance. Wong argued that by casting a white actor in a role written for an Asian actor, the production supported the practice of “yellow-face.” Similar to “blackface” minstrel shows of the 19th and 20th centuries, “yellow-face” productions cast non-Asians in roles written for Asians, often relying on physical and cultural stereotypes to make broad comments about identity. "[21] Throughout Miss Saigon, both Kim and Vietnam are described by the American characters as a "mystery", which the American scholar Karen Shimakawa felt reflected racist and misogynic views about Asians and Asian women in particular. [44], Steinberg, Avi. Kim is the only woman at the Dreamland brothel who does not walk around all the time in a string bikini. [36] Shimakawa further maintained that the way that Chris has a passionate romance with Kim, but ends up marrying the white woman Ellen, causing Kim to commit suicide, reflects a long-standing Western trope where Asian women serve as a love interest for a white Western man, but always end up conveniently committing suicide to free up the white man to marry or to stay married to a white woman. 1 controverse de casting de 1990 ; 2 Orientalisme, racisme et misogynie ; 3 Références ; La controverse de casting de 1990 . [32] The perception in the United States that the Vietnamese mothers of the bui-doi children were all prostitutes led Congress to exclude them all as "undesirable aliens". But Miss Saigon adds vexed contemporary war and politics into the mix. [34] Wong felt that the message of The American Dream song was that Asian immigrants to America are only motivated by avarice and materialism whereas European immigrants are motivated by more idealistic motives such as the desire for freedom and democracy. While the practice of “blackface” performance is widely agreed to be ethically prohibited, there continue to be multiple examples of white actors representing Asians in theatre and film. [26] Shimakawa described the Engineer as "...simultaneously lascivious, sexually exploitative, pansexual and desexualized". [39] The American scholar Yutian Wong complained about the first chapter of The Story of Miss Saigon written by Behr who covered the Vietnam war for Newsweek, where Behr confessed to sleeping with hundreds of Vietnamese prostitutes during his time in Saigon, experiences that convinced him that Miss Saigon was a realistic and accurate picture of Vietnam. The producers of “Miss Saigon,” which was revamped for its 2016-18 Broadway run, also feel “very, very strongly that they have, over the years, addressed in a constructive way what they felt were the concerns coming from the Asian American communities,” she said. [7] The American scholar Angelica Pao noted that in the first production of Miss Saigon on the West End, Macintosh went out of his way to cast Asian actresses to play the Vietnamese women, arguing that this was necessary to provide authenticity, but he was content to cast white actors as Vietnamese men. Actors’ Equity ultimately reversed their decision and Pryce performed the role of ‘the Engineer’ on Broadway to great acclaim. [30] Shimakawa maintained that the Sun and the Moon theme song of Chris and Kim, which features the lyrics "You are sunlight and I, the moon/Joined by the gods of fortune/Midnight and high noon/Sharing the sky" is meant to emphasis the opposing nature of the East as embodied by Kim and the West as embodied by Chris. [17] Wong wrote that as a woman, she found this statement to be very offensive. [16] The American scholar Wong Yutian described Miss Saigon as promoting the image of "...an effeminzed and infantized Asia serving as a low-budget whorehouse for the West". In 1990, theatre producer Cameron Mackintosh brought the musical Miss Saigon to Broadway following a highly successful run in London. When the production transferred from London to New York City, the Actors' Equity Association (AEA) refused to allow Pryce, a white actor, to portray the role of the Engineer, a Eurasian pimp, in the United States. 36 short illustrated videos explain behavioral ethics concepts and basic ethics principles. A collection of one-of-a-kind videos that highlight the ethical aspects of various subjects. Being Your Best Self, Part 1: Moral Awareness, Being Your Best Self, Part 2: Moral Decision Making, Being Your Best Self, Part 3: Moral Intent, Being Your Best Self, Part 4: Moral Action, Ethical Leadership, Part 1: Perilous at the Top, Ethical Leadership, Part 2: Best Practices, Curbing Corruption: GlaxoSmithKline in China. In what ways does scarcity of opportunities and representations affect perceptions of minority groups? Miss Saigon even boasts a stage gimmick to match the barricades, spacecraft, and chandelier of those shows — a hovering helicopter. A theatre which canceled a scheduled panel on Asian American representation and Miss Saigon has formally apologized, but the panelists are not impressed. The 2017 revival of “Miss Saigon” included real Vietnamese words instead of the original gibberish in a wedding song, for example. [26] Shimakawa wrote “…the Engineer embodies an uncategorizable yet spectacular perversity-a condition that, the logic of the play suggests, is hereditary: it is the direct result of his racially and nationally mixed beginnings in prostitution and sexual debauchery”. Controversy erupted, however, when producers revealed that Jonathan Pryce, a white British actor, would reprise his role as the Eurasian ‘Engineer.’ Asian American actor B.D. 8 short videos present the 7 principles of values-driven leadership from Giving Voice to Values by Mary Gentile. [4], In the London production of Miss Saigon, Lea Salonga originally starred as Kim, with Jonathan Pryce as the Engineer. [18] In 1999, when Miss Saigon was closing in London, a new advertising campaign was launched on the Tube featuring posters reading "You'll miss Saigon" that showed an Asian woman wearing a military jacket that barely covered her breasts, which Wong felt sent the message that "Asia equals prostitution"..[19] The passivity and moral purity of Kim, who is utterly faithful towards Chris despite the fact that he abandoned her and their son in Vietnam and married an American women Ellen seems to be suggesting that the proper place of an Asian woman is to be subservient towards a white man. An arbitrator reversed the AEA ruling a month later to allow Salonga to star. The Miss Saigon controversy refers to the controversies surrounding the 1989 musical Miss Saigon. [17] Wong felt that the fact that prostitutes in Miss Saigon are mostly teenagers, which is justified under the grounds that most of the prostitutes in the Vietnam war were also teenagers, sending the message: "Since Asian womanhood is undifferentiated from girlhood, teenage prostitution is a reasonable enough basis for a love story in which the conditions of Kim's occupation are easily overlooked and viewed as emotionally and economically normative". Explain your reasoning. Frank Rich of The New York Times disagreed, sharply criticizing the union for prioritizing politics over talent: “A producer’s job is to present the best show he can, and Mr. Pryce’s performance is both the artistic crux of this musical and the best antidote to its more bloated excesses. "Group targets Asian stereotypes in hit musical,", "Union Bars White in Asian Role; Broadway May Lose 'Miss Saigon", "Yellowworld Forums – Yellowface Top Ten", Bright Lights Film Journal – Hollywood Yellowface, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miss_Saigon_controversy&oldid=1015500865, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 1 April 2021, at 20:52. http://www.worldcat.org/title/history-of-asian-american-theatre/oclc/70173376, Copyright © 2021 Ethics Unwrapped - McCombs School of Business – The University of Texas at Austin, 8 short videos present the 7 principles of values-driven leadership from, http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/10/theater/jonathan-pryce-miss-saigon-and-equity-s-decision.html, http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/may/12/david-henry-hwang-miss-saigon-yellow-face-racial-casting, https://blog.davidmura.com/2013/09/11/the-problem-with-miss-saigon-or-how-many-stereotypes-can-you-cram-into-one-broadway-musical/, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/10842020/Cameron-Mackintosh-I-have-been-successful-beyond-anyones-wildest-dreams.html, http://www.worldcat.org/title/history-of-asian-american-theatre/oclc/70173376. Islamic History Movies Responding to critics, Miss Saigon casting director Vincent Liff wrote a letter to Mackintosh, which was read at Tuesday's meeting. Also, Pryce was considered by many in Europe to have "star status," a clause that allows a well-known foreign actor to recreate a role on Broadway without an American casting call. "[3] This ruling on 7 August 1990 led to criticism from many, including the British Actors' Equity Association, citing violations of the principles of artistic integrity and freedom. Justifying prostitution justifies colonization in the service of rescuing Asian women from the cultural backwardness (Asian men)". [26] Chris's best friend, the aptly named John, who is usually played by black actors as the character of John was envisioned by Boublil and Schönberg as African-American, is an enthusiastic patron of the women of the Dreamland brothel, thereby playing to the stereotype of black men as having an unrestrained, lascivious sexuality. Miss Saigon sparked quite a controversy back when it opened on Broadway in 1991, when Jonathan Pryce was cast as the Engineer, a character of … [16] Wong wrote that even when Kim complains about her situation, "...Chris is her savior from Asian-style patriarchy, a fate far worse than prostitution. Based on the opera Madame Butterfly, Miss Saigon takes place during the Vietnam War and focuses on a romance between an American soldier and a Vietnamese orphan named Kim. What harms does “yellow-face” performance cause? The story … [26] The Engineer had a French father and a Vietnamese mother, but throughout the musical it is always his “orientalness” that he displays. Asian and Asian American actors have spoken out about how their work in plays like “Miss Saigon” and “The King and I” has allowed them to have a career in theater, to build a nest egg and buy a house. The prettification of Madam Butterfly is hard to emulate. [27] Shimakawa criticized this aspect of Miss Saigon with its suggestion that the divisions between "East/West" are mutually exclusive and always will be with the apparent message that Asians can never truly become citizens of Western nations. 4. The legacy and controversy of Miss Saigon Ahead of the Scottish premiere of an acclaimed new production of the West End smash musical Miss Saigon, The Skinny travels to Dublin to meet two of the show's stars Feature by Eloise Hendy | 10 Jan 2018 Miss Saigon by Johan Persson [37] Shimakawa further criticized Boublil and Schönberg for using no Vietnamese instruments and music in Miss Saigon, instead using instruments from Japan and Indonesia which she argued represented the attitude that Vietnam was just an exotic locale in Asia that Westerners might have adventures in, not an entity in its own right with its own culture and history. Based on the opera Madame Butterfly, Miss Saigon takes place during the Vietnam War and focuses on a romance between an American soldier and a Vietnamese orphan named Kim. Maybe you’re new to the audience, and you’ve been drawn in for a show that calls itself “the epic love story of our time.” Whatever the case, you’re not alone: Miss Saigon is one of the most popular and successful musicals of all time. Did you know that its original London production involved the … [12], In Miss Saigon, Vietnam is portrayed as a mysterious, exotic, sensuous place yet full of incomprehensible savagery and incredible “filth”. The Miss Saigon Controversy. Miss Saigon has received ... Yellow Face (play) The story of 'Yellow Face' dates back to the 'Miss Saigon' controversy in 1990. [15] The second act of the play, set in Thailand, portrays Thai women as all engaging in prostitution, which further reinforces the stereotype. [8] However, others pointed out that since the Engineer's character was Eurasian (French-Vietnamese), they argued that Pryce was being discriminated against on the basis that he was Caucasian. [42] In The Story of Miss Saigon, Behr wrote about the "extreme youth" of the prostitutes whose services he used, which led him to portray teenage prostitution in Vietnam as a charming coming-of-age ritual that led to moments of "pure joy" for the girls concerned. Actors’ Equity Association initially agreed and refused to let Pryce perform: “Equity believes the casting of Mr. Pryce as a Eurasian to be especially insensitive and an affront to the Asian community.” Moreover, many argued that the casting of Pryce further limited already scarce professional opportunities for Asian American actors. How does Rich justify his argument? [3] The American scholar Yutian Wong noted when Miss Saigon premiered on the West End in 1989, reviews in British newspapers such as The Daily Mail, The Times, and The Evening Standard were uniformly positive as British theater critics did not find anything objectionable about the musical, and the controversy about Miss Saigon only began in 1990 with the prospect of it appearing on Broadway, which Wong argued was because the United States has a much larger Asian population than does the United Kingdom. [31] Under American immigration law in the 1970s to 1980s, the bui-doi children were allowed to immigrate to the United States provided that they could prove that their fathers were American while the Vietnamese mothers of these children were excluded from coming to the United States. Jonathan Pryce, the white English actor cast by the producer for the role, commented: "What is appropriate is that the best person for the job play the role, and I think it's completely valid that I play the role. In the musical, Kim is forced to work at ‘Dreamland,’ a seedy bar owned by the half-French, half-Vietnamese character ‘the Engineer.’ The production was highly anticipated, generating millions of dollars in ticket sales before it had even opened. It was when the show was set to transfer to Broadway two years later, with Pryce and Lea Salonga (who came from the Philippines) reprising their West End roles, that the protests began. Currently, he can be … 7. Controversy. [5] As Alan Eisenberg, executive secretary of Actors' Equity explained: "The casting of a Caucasian actor made up to appear Asian is an affront to the Asian community. Casting controversy of 1990[edit]. Miss Saigon has generated controversy from its beginning. [3] After pressure from Mackintosh, the general public, and many of its own members, Actors' Equity reversed its decision. But it was during a mini-tour of Miss Saigon where I became fully aware of the power of Mendoza’s talent, dedication and ability to fearlessly brandish his words as a powerful advocate for common sense and equality. Why do you think this continues to occur? Imperialist discourse locates the fantasy of sex with white men-and not feminism-as a liberatory ideology. In 1990, theatre producer Cameron Mackintosh brought the musical Miss Saigon to Broadway following a highly successful run in London. [5] The controversy was not limited to New York with the Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post, USA Today, and The Wall Street Journal all publishing editorials over the course of one week in August 1990 demanding that Pryce be cast as the Engineer on Broadway. In the scenes to come, ''Miss Saigon'' tells of one of the Engineer's Vietnamese bargirls, the 17-year-old Kim, and the American Marine who unknowingly leaves … I just naturally tend ... Bụi đời. [23] Shimakawa argued that the character of Ellen-whose role in the musical is to support Chris and to be jealous of Kim-serves to allow Chris to "...signify his Americanness as male, heterosexual, and unavailable to Kim as an avenue to U.S. citizenship (through marriage)". [44] Fung argued that the way in which films, television and plays repeated such stereotypes ad nauseam had a damaging effect on the self-esteem of Asian-Americans, especially Asian-American women. [18], At one point, Chris sings a song about Kim is addressed both to her and Vietnam, suggesting that Kim is Vietnam. https://blog.davidmura.com/2013/09/11/the-problem-with-miss-saigon-or-how-many-stereotypes-can-you-cram-into-one-broadway-musical/, Cameron Mackintosh: ‘I have been successful beyond anyone’s wildest dreams’ [35] The Engineer is a man who wants to escape from a Communist nation to the United States, yet the only motive that Miss Saigon gives him for wanting to flee is his greed, which was not how a man who wanted to escape from one of the Communist nations of Eastern Europe to the United States would have been portrayed. [20] The character of Chris is inspired by the character of Lieutenant Pinkerton in Madame Butterfly, but unlike the unpleasant and selfish Pinkerton, the character of Chris is shown to be without moral faults as Schönberg commented "We didn't want Chris to be a bastard like Pinkerton". [21] The character of the Engineer who is sexually perverted and depraved in general seems to imply that immigration laws excluding Asians are in fact justified.[26]. The setting of the plot is relocated to 1970s Saigon during the Vietnam War, and Madame Butterfly's story of marriage between an American lieutenant and a geisha is replaced by a romance between a U.S. GI and a South Vietnamese bargirl. In place of the naval lieutenant Pinkerton in 1904 we have Chris, a white American sergeant stationed at … 30 videos - one minute each - relate recent scandals in the news and give ethical insights. [27], In contrast to these examples of flawed masculinity, the white Chris is portrayed as kind, gentle man with a genuine love and concern for Kim, who sings at one point: “I wanted to save her, protect her/Christ, I’m an American/How could I fail to do good?”[20] Notably, Chris explains his relationship with Kim to Ellen not in terms of love despite the fact that he married her and fathered a child by her, but rather out of a paternalist and implicitly colonialist concern for someone from an inferior Third World country. 3. http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/may/12/david-henry-hwang-miss-saigon-yellow-face-racial-casting, The Problem With Miss Saigon (or how many stereotypes can you cram into one Broadway musical) [40] Wong charged that Behr made very sweeping claims about Vietnamese women, a subject which he claimed to be an expert upon based solely upon his experiences with the prostitutes, which she felt to be very misleading perspective on Vietnam. [22] Notably, the wedding between Chris and Kim is seen by the former as a mere spectacle for him to enjoy rather representing a binding commitment on his part to Kim, and he is very surprised to learn later on that Kim considers him to be her husband, an aspect of his character that he is not criticized for. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/10842020/Cameron-Mackintosh-I-have-been-successful-beyond-anyones-wildest-dreams.html, A History of Asian American Theatre *I do not own any of the material used (video clips, music, etc. [1] Originally, Pryce and Burns, white actors playing Eurasian/Asian characters, wore eye prostheses and bronzing cream to make themselves look more Asian,[2] which outraged some who drew comparisons to a "minstrel show". Granted, the "Miss Saigon" controversy also raised the issue of Cameron Mackintosh's right of free speech. Miss Saigon has received criticism for what some have perceived as its racist or sexist overtones, including protests regarding its portrayal of Asians and women in general. But this could have been negotiated with the actors' equal-opportunity rights in the arbitration process, an option that Mackintosh *chose* not to exercise. [21] Shimakawa argued that in the musical's climax, Kim shoots herself, which she maintained sent the message that Kim, unlike her half-American son Tam, never could become an American citizen because as a Vietnamese woman she does not belong in the United States. It was meant to be a love story between an American soldier and Vietnamese woman during what many Vietnamese in Vietnam call the American War and Americans call the Vietnam War. [13] The opening chorus of the first song The Heat is On in Saigon begins with the lines: "The heat is on in Saigon/The girls are hotter 'n hell/Tonight one of these slits will be Miss Saigon/God the tension is high/Not to mention the smell". [39] In the 1991 book The Story of Miss Saigon by the Anglo-French journalist Edward Behr and the Canadian columnist Mark Steyn, the claim by Boublil and Schönberg as Frenchmen to have a special "insider's knowledge" of the Vietnamese is accepted as a fact, and Miss Saigon is portrayed as a historically accurate picture of the Vietnam war. [27] The fact that the high noon and midnight by definition cannot share the same sky illustrates the musical's point that Chris and Kim, however deep their love may be, cannot be together as a couple as they are from different worlds that do not belong together. In response to objections over problematic narratives in Miss Saigon, the story of a romance between a young Vietnamese woman and an American G.I. [5], Though there had been a large, well-publicised international search among Asian actresses to play Kim, there had been no equivalent search for Asian actors to play the major Asian male roles—specifically, those of the Engineer (Pryce) and Thuy (Keith Burns). Unfortunately, the Asian American community is well-versed on conversations of race … When the play was first transferred from London (where it premiered in 1989) to Broadway, the Actors’ Equity union tried to stop the Caucasian actor Jonathan Pryce from reviving his role as a half-Asian character, though the union later relented. Shimakawa noted in the song The American Dream-where the Engineer fantasizes about life in the United States and where he is shown as having clearly absurd notions about what American life is like-underlines the musical's point that the Engineer might become an American citizen, but he can never truly become an American. http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/10/theater/jonathan-pryce-miss-saigon-and-equity-s-decision.html, David Henry Hwang: racial casting has evolved – and so have my opinions When "Miss Saigon" first looked to Broadway in 1990, controversy erupted over the fact that a white man was portraying a lead role. [27] Unlike the romantic Chris, John sees the women of the Dreamland brothel only as sex objects, and is much given to crude, macho boosting about his sexual prowess. Wong asked his union, Actors’ Equity Association, to “force Cameron Mackintosh and future producers to cast their productions with racial authenticity.”. Pak Events; Historical Movies. 54 animated videos - 1 to 2 minutes each - define key ethics terms and concepts. Is it more problematic for a white actor to portray a person of color than for an actor of color to perform a role written for a white person. How can producers and casting directors appropriately represent characters on stage and screen? Miss Saigon is based on Giacomo Puccini's opera Madam Butterfly, which similarly tells the tragic tale of a doomed romance involving an Asian woman abandoned by her American lover during the war. The material used ( video clips, music, etc ( video clips, music etc! Should they cast regardless of race the AEA ruling a month later allow. Starred alongside Salonga and Willy Falk ( as Chris ) when the show, despite massive advance sales. Adds vexed contemporary war and politics into the mix ( Asian men ) '' fantasy sex! Values-Driven leadership from Giving Voice to Values by Mary Gentile as Chris ) the. 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