cult of personality

 

During his regime schools were forced to read Evita's biography La Razón de mi Vida, union and government jobs were only given to those who could prove themselves to be a fervent Peronist, newspapers were censored and television and radio networks were nationalised, only state media was allowed. [157] The idea of Atatürk as the "father of the Turks" is ingrained in Turkish politics and politicians in that country are evaluated in relation to his cult of personality. [25] Mussolini was styled by other Italian fascists as Il Duce ("The Leader"). His cult has been described as a combination of a "peasant chief, protector and the legendary hero". Its obverse pictured Suharto as the Father of Development and the slogan "25 Tahun Indonesia Membangun" (25 years of Indonesia's development), which dated back to his first term as president in 1968. The Cult of Personality, as Khrushchev would call it many years later, was in full swing by the end of the 1930s. In 1935 the phrase, "Thank You Dear Comrade Stalin for a Happy Childhood!" [27] He was also compared to St. Francis of Assisi, who had, like Mussolini, "suffered and sacrificed himself for others". [31], Starting in the 1920s, during the early years of the Nazi Party, Nazi propaganda began to depict the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler as a demagogue figure who was the almighty defender and saviour of Germany. [86] Biographer Daniel Kawczynski noted that Gaddafi was famous for his "lengthy, wandering" speeches,[87] which typically involved criticizing Israel and the U.S.[84], The peer-reviewed academic journal North Korean Review, published by the Institute for North Korean Studies at the University of Detroit Mercy in Detroit, Michigan, United States, reports that "Like his father [Kim Jong-Il] during his lifetime, Kim Jong-un has so far avoided a cult of personality around himself that would include statues, street and place names, or images in pins or in apartments. He was often photographed with children of different ethnic backgrounds of the Soviet Union and was often photographed giving gifts to children. Plaster images and portraits of him were prepared for public distribution, similar to those of Mao Zedong; however, the Vietnamese invasion cut these plans short, but a less extreme version of Pol Pot's cult of personality continued to exist in the areas which were under the control of Khmer Rouge remnants.[14]. Retrieved 30 April 2013. I’m doing it, and I can show you how to do it, too. Teachers would begin each school day with the slogan "Our eternal leader, Hafez al-Assad". This book is an expression of the most dissolute flattery, an example of making a man into a godhead, of transforming him into an infallible sage, "the greatest leader", "sublime strategist of all times and nations". He appropriated the kingly privilege of walking beneath a canopy, and his portrait appeared on most Spanish coins. Petrone, Karen (2004) "Cult of Personality" in Millar, J. R. ed. strategy used by his government to maintain legitimacy before and after his death. Sukarno developed a personality cult, with the capital of newly acquired West Irian renamed to Sukarnapura and the highest peak in the country was renamed from Carstensz Pyramid to Puntjak Sukarno (Sukarno Peak). One of the aspects of Leonid Brezhnev's cult of personality was his obsession with titles, rewards and decorations, leading to his inflated decoration with medals, orders and so on. [136][137][138][139][140][141][142] Portraits of him, often depicting him engaging in heroic activities, were placed in every public space. [44] After the assassination attempt on Lenin in August 1918, he suffered numerous severe strokes with the worst in May 1922 and March 1923. C Rajagopalachari criticized the personality cult surrounding Nehru, saying that there should be an opposition group within the Congress because it was running with "accelerators and no brakes" without a true opposition. News Philippines", https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/234115-why-filipinos-believe-duterte-appointed-by-god, https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/2188183/duterte-putin-asia-maria-ressa-proof, "Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II", "Cultul personalității lui Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej", https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=733757, http://oldgazette.ru/kopravda/21021978/01-1.html, "One in four Russians believe country is mired in Vladimir Putin cult of personality", "Putin's Little Red Book Offers Up 'Prophetic' Words Of Russian President", "Kadyrov's Power and Cult of Personality Grows", "Ramzan Kadyrov: The warrior king of Chechnya", "My Europe: Serbia's military parade between the East and the West", "Serbs Ponder Vucic's Claim to Tito's Legacy", "Prpa: Vučić svih ovih godina pokušava da izgradi kult ličnosti", "Brnabić i Šarčević za Vučićeve slike i jačanje kulta države", "700 false news stories in Serbian tabloids in 2018", "Više od 700 laži na naslovnim stranama tri tabloida u 2018. godini", "Vučić dočekao odbojkašice Srbije, selektor Terzić mu poklonio zlatnu medalju sa Svetskog prvenstva", "Dečko ponovo pao u nestvest u Ćirilici dok je Vučić pričao: Srušio se odjednom, a evo ko mu je pomogao (VIDEO)", "Vucic's victory leads Serbia towards autocracy", "In Macedonia and Serbia, Right-Wing Politicians Make Their Followers Swoon—Literally", "Vučić: Zameram Babiću lapsuse, ali on uči, obrazuje se", "Zloupotreba dece, ugrožavanje bezbednosti i povreda slobode kretanja – prve 3 nedelje Vučićeve kampanje", "Niški naprednjaci poželeli Vučiću dobro zdravlje", "Serbia's president released from hospital", "N1 TV under attack again; journalist say it's dangerous; new attack on Sovilj", "When Photographers Created a Cult of Personality Around General Franco", "Ukraine Crisis: Personality Cults Behind the Revolutions", "Biographies for a Caudillo After a War: A Bibliographical Commentary on Biographies of Franco", "Franco: a spectre from the past in Spain", All in the family: Building the Assad dynasty in Syria, Bashar Al Assad: An Intimate Profile of a Mass Murderer, In Assad's Syria, There Is No Imagination", PBS, NOVEMBER 8, 2011, Syria's Phony Election: False Numbers and Real Victory, "Like father, like son? A cult of personality is centered around the founders of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Kaysone Phomvihane and the less prominent Prince Souphanouvong since their deaths in the early 1990s as there were no personality cults bestowed to them during their time in power. started to appear above doorways at nurseries, orphanages, and schools; children also chanted this slogan at festivals. 2, PERSONALITY CULTS (1999), pp. Pittman identifies that these features became roles including the "formal role for a [male] 'great leader' as a cultural focus of the apparatus of the regime: reliance on top-down 'administrative measures': and a pyramidal structure of authority" which was created by a single ideal.[9]. Its music video earned two MTV Video Music Awards for Best Group Video and Best New Artist. [147], President of the Togolese Republic Gnassingbé Eyadéma had a personality cult of titanic proportions, including, but not limited to, an entourage of one thousand dancing women who sang and danced in praise of him; schoolchildren beginning their day by singing his praises;[148] portraits which adorned most stores; a bronze statue in the capital city, Lomé; $20 wristwatches with his portrait, which disappeared and re-appeared every fifteen seconds; and even a comic book that depicted him as a superhero and budai with powers of invulnerability and superhuman strength. Articles in textbooks and songs glorifying him were commonly seen in Taiwan before 1987. Their goal is to dominate and rule the country they live in. This further meant that opposition to Niyazov was strictly forbidden and major opposition figures have been imprisoned, institutionalized, deported, or they have fled the country, and their family members are routinely harassed by the authorities. [52] Several books praising him and his works were published during his 30 years as permanent president, such as the 6-book series of "Jejak Langkah Pak Harto" (Mr. Harto's Footsteps) by Nazaruddin Sjamsuddin (1991), "The Smiling General: President Soeharto of Indonesia" by an unknown German named Otto Gustav Roeder (1969) – who was thought to be a former Schutzstaffel member and spy stationed in Indonesia named Rudolf Oebsger-Röder [id] – and his autobiography entitled "Pikiran, Ucapan, dan Tindakan Saya" (My Thoughts, Remarks, and Actions, 1989). [22][23][24], The first president of Equatorial Guinea, Francisco Macías Nguema, was the centre of an extreme personality cult, perhaps fueled by his consumption of copious amounts of bhang[25] and iboga,[26] and he assigned himself titles such as the "Unique Miracle" and "Grand Master of Education, Science, and Culture". [113][120], In the last days of the campaign before the 2017 presidential election, he was a guest with his parents on the TV show on Happy TV, in which he offered assistance in front of the camera to a man who allegedly fainted. Academic and detractors often considered him a demagogue and a dictator. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. [84] Although Bianco thought that he had a "gift for oratory",[85] he was considered a poor orator by biographers Blundy and Lycett. 9 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart. Vassilev, Rossen (2008) "Cult of Personality" in Darity, W. A., Jr. ed. The 1962 Asian Games Sports Complex was also renamed after him, as he was also the architect involved. [18], Although one of Fidel Castro's alleged dying wishes was not to have buildings or streets named after him or statues of him erected, in order to avoid a cult of personality, it is generally believed[citation needed] that such a cult had already developed by the time of his death. Statues and pictures of him were also "erected everywhere". During his lifetime, Lenin did not approve of the cults power and influence. Alia served one year in prison for corruption, but the anarchy prevented further charges from being filed against the former Communist regime. The song was released on July 14, 1988, and reached No. [33] A song dedicated to him, "Maréchal, nous voilà !" They associate the policies of these statesmen with their "piety". Initially, the cult of personality was only focused on Ceaușescu himself; however, by the early 1980s, his wife Elena was also a focus of the cult even to the extent that she got credit for scientific achievements which she could never have accomplished. He used mass media communications to entrench his rule. [9], After Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924 and the exile of Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin came to embody the Soviet Union. [3], The long time ruler of Communist Albania, Enver Hoxha, had what the OECD called "an overwhelming cult of personality and an ultra-centralized, authoritarian form of decision-making". [9] After 1936, the Soviet press described Stalin as the "Father of Nations".[48]. [citation needed], The term "cult of personality" probably appeared in English around 1800–1850, along with the French and German use. So why is he treated like an elder statesman on the world stage? National personalities and politicians alike had praise for Trujillo with license plates that included slogans such as "¡Viva Trujillo!" [citation needed] The personality cult of Chiang Kai-shek went further after the republican government fled to Taiwan. Mobutu Sese Seko used his cult of personality to create a god-like public image of himself in Zaire, which today is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They’re extremely manipulative, and use the media to … ")[202], Several presidents in American history who have been assessed by various historians as being supported by the effects of a cult of personality, among them, Sanchez, Juan Reinaldo with Gylden, Axel (2015), "In his address to UNESCO's annual meeting of governments on 30 October 2007 the "Gentleman of the great island of Bioko, Annobón and Río Muni, El Jefe (the boss), "a god who is 'in permanent contact with the Almighty'" and "can decide to kill without anyone calling him to account and without going to hell" His Excellence, President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, ..." Kabanda (3 October 2010), harvp error: no target: CITEREFWitton2003 (, Meno male che Silvio c'è video ufficiale inno campagna PDL, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBlundyLycett1987 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBianco1975 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKawczynski2011 (. The start of Atatürk's cult of personality is placed in the 1920s when the first statues started being built. Indeed, although his formal titles were Jefe del Estado (Head of State) and Generalísimo de los Ejércitos Españoles (Generalissimo of the Spanish Armed Forces), he was referred to as Caudillo de España por la gracia de Dios, (By the Grace of God, the Leader of Spain). [69], The Brooklyn-based Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson developed a cult of personality in Israel and across the world.[70]. Mobutu created a totalitarian state, amassed massive wealth for himself and presided over the economic deterioration of his country and human rights abuses. He was usually referred to as "Lord Chiang" (蔣公) in public and a space between the characters of his name and title was required in printed materials. The lyrics and melody were written by guitarist Vernon Reid, who wrote most of their songs. Heller, Klaus and Plamper, Jan eds. By the end of the 1920s, the male features of the cults became more extreme. [187] Since his death, his followers, known as "Chavistas"[188][189] refer to his death as a "transition to immortality", commonly calling Chávez the "eternal commander". [77][78] After the president's resignation, the Parliament of Kazakhstan has voted to renamed their capital, Astana, into Nur-sultan as a 'tribute'.[79][80]. [134][135], As one of his strategies to maintain power over Syria, Hafez al-Assad developed a state-sponsored cult of personality. A basic slogan proclaimed that Mussolini was always right (Italian: Il Duce ha sempre ragione). The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships: Stalin and the Eastern Bloc. One key element of Soviet propaganda was interactions between Stalin and the children of the Soviet Union. [201], Mobutu embarked on a campaign of pro-African cultural awareness and in 1972, he formally changed his name to Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga ("The all-powerful warrior who, because of his endurance and inflexible will to win, goes from conquest to conquest, leaving fire in his wake. The Egyptian state practiced a Cult of Personality around Gamal Abdel Nasser during his rule. A cult of personality, or cult of the leader, arises when a country's regime – or, more rarely, an individual – uses the techniques of mass media, propaganda, the big lie, spectacle, the arts, patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations and rallies to create an idealized, heroic, and worshipful image of a leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise. [155] A government website[156] was created to denounce the websites that violate this law, and the Turkish government as of 2011 has filters in place to block websites deemed to contain materials insulting to his memory. [clarification needed] Many written songs, novels, scientific and propaganda articles were devoted to him. A cult of personality or personality cult arises when a country's leader uses mass media to create a larger-than-life public image through unquestioning flattery and praise. [158] The persistence of the phenomenon of Atatürk's personality cult has become an area of deep interest to scholars. [32] The myth also gave rise to the saying and concept, "If only the Führer knew", in reference to what Germans thought were wrongdoings and if Hitler knew then he would set things right and act accordingly; the Night of the Long Knives in 1934 helped to reinforce it.[34]. His face and name are seen and heard everywhere in Turkey; his portrait can be seen in all public buildings, in all schools and classrooms, on all school textbooks, on all Turkish lira banknotes, and in the homes of many Turkish families.[153]. India's first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru was known to foster a personality cult around himself. a dictator that ferociously persecuted dissents and swiftly eroded the republican principles of the country as a way to stay in power. was mandatory for all school children to learn. A cult of personality arises when a country's regime – or, more rarely, an individual politician – uses the techniques of mass media, propaganda, the big lie, spectacle, the arts, patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations and rallies to create an idealized, heroic, and worshipful image of a leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise. I picked actors who have strong ties to cult/horror movies. [7], Heydar Aliyev's cult of personality became a significant part of Azerbaijani politics and society after Heydar Aliyev came to power in 1993 and it continued after his death in 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him. A cult of personality is similar to apotheosis, except that it is established by modern social engineering techniques, usually by the state or the party in one-party states and dominant-party states. Saddam's personality cult reflected his efforts to appeal to the various elements in Iraqi society. The Imperial cult of ancient Rome identified emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority (auctoritas) of the Roman State. In official discourse, he is quoted more often than either Prophet Muhammad or the Koran itself. This reflected his presentation as a universal man, expert in all subjects; a light was left on his office long after he was asleep as a part of fascist propaganda in order to present him as an insomniac owing to his driven to work nature. The development of the cult of personality did not appear until after the death of Vladmir Lenin. [76] Silvio Berlusconi was Prime Minister of Italy for three terms and four governments. 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