Though he lacked both his mother’s seriousness and his father’s charm, Henry was forceful and confident. Allerdings war auch kein vorheriger König stärker in Auseinandersetzungen auf dem Kontinent und mit den Adligen im eigenen Herrschaftsgebiet verstrickt. Cartwright, Mark. His father was Count of Anjou and his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England.

Related Content The king's attempt to find an inheritance for John led to opposition from Richard and Philip II of France. Mark is a history writer based in Italy.

New castles could now only be built with royal consent. . Heinrich II. Henry was born on March 5, 1133, at Le Mans in France to Empress Matilda and Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine. 1150 übernahm er das Herzogtum Normandie. Nach Beilegung der Zwistigkeiten zwischen Heinrich und Becket kehrte Becket nach England zurück. He may not have been the most popular king amongst his own contemporaries but his contribution to future English society and government deserves to be more widely acknowledged. Dem Tod von Heinrich dem Jüngeren, 1183 während eines Feldzugs gegen seinen Vater im Limousin, folgte der Tod Gottfrieds: Der Herzog der Bretagne wurde 1186 von einem Pferd niedergetrampelt.

He introduced his own courts and magistrates, roles traditionally played by the church. Er führte dazu sein Heer durch Südwales, wo er sich mit Rhys ap Gruffydd, der nach dem Tod von Owain Gwynedd der mächtigste walisische Fürst geworden war, traf. Read more.

At different points in his life he had control over Wales, Scotland, and Brittany as well. Die Kirche bekämpfte diesen Vorgang sowie darüber hinausgehende Versuche des Königs, Kontrolle über Geistliche auszuüben. Die Ehe des Welfenherzogs wurde am 1. The land under Henry’s control became known as the ‘Angevin’ or ‘Plantagenet’ empire and was at its greatest extent in 1173 when Henry faced the biggest threat in all of his reign.


By the year 1170 Henry’s relationship with Becket had deteriorated still further and during a session of royal court he is supposed to have said, ‘someone rid me of this turbulent priest.’ These words were misinterpreted by a group of four knights who proceeded to murder Thomas Becket in front of the high alter at Canterbury Cathedral.

Richard gave formal homage to Philip in front of his father in a peace meeting attended by the nobility of both countries. It would create an enmity between the two men and their respective dynasties that would last well beyond their lifetimes. Consequently, with some sharp manoeuvring, Stephen was crowned king in December 1135 CE. Der König ließ seine walisischen Geiseln blenden und schickte sie zu den walisischen Fürsten zurück, ehe er wieder nach Frankreich reiste. Consequently, on 6 November, Stephen signed with Henry the Treaty of Wallingford, which recognised him as Stephen’s official heir.

Chroniclers have characterised him to be a bully and added that he had a piercing stare and would often appear sullen. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies.

Trotz sorgfältiger Vorbereitung scheiterte dieser Feldzug im sommerlichen Dauerregen im walisischen Bergland. Somit war er mächtiger als sein Lehnsherr (für die kontinentalen Gebiete), der König von Frankreich, mit einem Reich oder besser einem Konglomerat verschiedenartiger Ländereien und Herrschaftsansprüche, das sich vom Solway Firth (zwischen Irland und Schottland) fast bis zum Mittelmeer, und von der Somme bis zu den Pyrenäen erstreckte.

Im Vertrag von Falaise musste der schottische König die englische Oberherrschaft anerkennen. In any case, Henry could bide his time and once he had much greater resources at his disposal, he tried another invasion in 1153 CE which, third time lucky, finally brought an end to the civil war. Henry II returned to Anjou with Philip and Richard in hot pursuit. In addition, the assizes gave fast and clear verdicts, enriched the treasury and extended royal control. Around this time, Louis VII, the King of France, returned from the Second Crusade.

The Welsh princes, especially Owain Gwynedd (r. 1137-1170 CE), required a more militaristic approach but Henry achieved his aim of reasserting his authority in the east of his kingdom. The entire Plantagenet dynasty is infamous for their explosive temper, and Henry, the founder, was even more so. Louis attacked Normandy and a furious Henry reciprocated by putting Chaumont-sur-Epte, a town where Louis stored his military arsenal, to flame. Henry reinvigorated England financially and effectively laid the basis for English Common Law as we know it today. While he did bring the Breton duke to heels, his campaign to Toulouse sparked his rivalry with Louis once more.

The king also maintained his interest in France, indeed, he would spend 20 of his 35 years as king outside England. Henry inherited the English throne sooner than he had previously imagined, as Stephen died of a stomach disorder on October 25, 1154. Born to Count Geoffrey of Anjou and Empress Matilda in 1133, Henry inherited his father’s duchy and became Duke of Normandy by the age of 18. English and Norman barons in Stephen's reign manipulated feudal law to undermine royal authority; Henry instituted many reforms to weaken traditional feudal ties and strengthen his position.

Seine Beinamen waren Curtmantle („Kurzmantel“, wegen der kurz geschnittenen Umhänge, die er trug) und Fitz Empress (Sohn der Kaiserin). Monetary payments replaced military service as the primary duty of vassals. Verlässlichen Schätzungen zufolge verfügte er über weniger Geld als sein französischer Rivale Ludwig VII., der über ein weitaus bescheideneres Territorium herrschte. 1978 erschien ein Buch von Richard Barber mit dem gleichen Namen wie die BBC-Serie. After Henry V’s death, Matilda married again, this time to Geoffrey in 1128 CE. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. gestanden. Nach dem Hoftag von Clarendon im Januar 1164 verließ Becket England, um sich der Unterstützung von Papst Alexander III. Immediately he was faced with problems: a large number of rogue castles had been built during Stephen’s reign and there was widespread devastation as a result of the destructive war. Empress Matilda was undeterred and a civil war broke out between barons who supported Stephen and those who favoured Matilda and her chief ally Robert Fitzroy, Earl of Gloucester, an illegitimate son of Henry I. Mai 1152 brachte weitere Ländereien in seinen Besitz, nämlich die Region um Tours (die Touraine), Aquitanien und die Gascogne.

Im Sommer 1158 zwang er durch einen weiteren Vorstoß Rhys ap Gruffydd erneut zum Frieden, ehe er wieder nach Frankreich zurückkehrte. Das Originalzitat, welches sich in den Aufzeichnungen des Chronisten Edward Grim findet, lautet: “What miserable drones and traitors have I nourished and brought up in my household, who let their lord be treated with such shameful contempt by a low-born cleric?” (dt.

Ihr Ziel war es, die ihnen zugedachten Territorien sofort in Besitz zu nehmen. Ambitious, energetic, and ruthless, Henry grew up with the same drive as his mother to restore the land and privilege of his royal grandfather, Henry I, becoming an active participant at 14 in her effort to claim the English throne. Henry II of England ruled from 1154 to 1189 CE. This was a common enough policy amongst French sovereigns and is why the heir is often referred to as Henry the Young King. musste Heinrich die Constitutions of Clarendon wieder aufheben und sich am 12.

Bald befanden sie sich wieder in Rebellion. [4] Bei Heinrichs Tod 1189 war das ausgedehnte und äußerlich so mächtige Reich durch die Militär- und Verwaltungsausgaben finanziell so erschöpft, dass es sich nur durch Sondersteuern fortsetzen ließ. 1127 CE) that year. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. In 1169, an Anglo-Norman force landed in Ireland to support of one of the claimants to the Irish high kingship.
In 1153 CE King Stephen signed with Henry the Treaty of Wallingford, which recognised him as Stephen’s official heir.

Heinrich II. Director: Peter Glenville | Stars: Richard Burton, Peter O'Toole, John Gielgud, Gino Cervi.


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