Finally, Kennedy underscores that of the five states authorizing capital punishment for rape, the four others (South Carolina, Oklahoma, Montana, and Texas) require prior conviction for a sexual crime. He appealed, challenging the sentence as unconstitutional. Januar 2008 beschloss, den Fall anzuhören. März 1998 verhaftet. The Louisiana court also said evidence of public attitudes (which the U.S. Supreme Court looks to in determining sentences' proportionality) supported allowing death sentences for rape of a child. In its 1977 decision, Coker v. Georgia, the United States Supreme Court had struck down a death sentence for the rape of a sixteen-year-old on Eight Amendment grounds. But the Court also allowed some scope for its independent judgment as ultimate arbiter of a sentence's proportionality. Die Frage, ob dies auch für die Vergewaltigung von Kindern gelte, wurde jedoch erst im vorliegenden Fall behandelt. Zusatzartikel zur Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten, Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.legis.state.la.us, Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.supremecourtus.gov, Death Penalty for Offenses Other Than Murder, Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.deathpenaltyinfo.org, Justices Bar Death Penalty for the Rape of a Child, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kennedy_v._Louisiana&oldid=201762201, Urteil des Obersten Gerichtshofs der Vereinigten Staaten, Geschichte der Vereinigten Staaten (seit 1988), Wikipedia:Defekte Weblinks/Ungeprüfte Botmarkierungen 2019-04, Wikipedia:Defekte Weblinks/Ungeprüfte Archivlinks 2019-04, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“, Todesstrafe wegen Vergewaltigung eines Kindes. Louisiana says these laws provide even stronger evidence, in both absolute numbers and trend, in support of allowing death sentences for non-homicides. The New York Times notes the trend toward allowing the death penalty for rape of a child is a response to public outcry against sex crimes victimizing children. Louisiana argues that as the Court's prior jurisprudence is silent on capital rape, its independent judgment in this case may legitimately lead to a finding that capital rape is constitutional. The court said Louisiana's child rape statute itself provided the necessary narrowing of the eligible group. Louisiana notes an upward if slight, trend of states allowing capital rape: five states now have some form of this provision (Georgia, Oklahoma, Texas, South Carolina, and Louisiana), and three more states have legislation in the works (Alabama, Mississippi, and Missouri). So far no other state judiciaries have followed Louisiana's lead. [9], Neben Louisiana wurden in vier weiteren Bundesstaaten die Todesstrafe für die Vergewaltigung von Kindern eingeführt: Montana (1997), South Carolina, Oklahoma (jeweils 2006) und Texas (2007).[10]. 2. In another brief, the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers raises questions about the accuracy of convictions for child rape, based primarily on children's susceptibility to suggestion. According to Louisiana, Section 14:42 satisfies Lowenfield's standard by restricting the death penalty to rapes consisting of anal or vaginal intercourse with a child twelve or under. Further, of 180 capital rape prosecutions cited by Kennedy, Louisiana says 112 do not provide a clear indication concerning the effect of plea bargains on the number and disposition of death-penalty cases.
Kennedy said the procedure, therefore, did not sufficiently narrow the court's discretion to ensure that the death penalty wouldn't be imposed arbitrarily and capriciously. In Coker v. Georgia, the Court struck down a death sentence for the rape of a sixteen-year-old girl and held that imposing the death penalty for rape of an adult that did not result in death was grossly excessive and disproportionate-and therefore "cruel and unusual"-punishment under the Eighth Amendment.
First, they will discourage victims from coming forward where the perpetrator is a relative. The prosecutor sought, and the jury awarded, such a sentence; Kennedy appealed. Kennedy argues the trend, contrary to the Louisiana Supreme Court's assertion, is away from allowing the death penalty, and, finally, that the international trend is away from the death penalty as well. 14:42) verfassungswidrig sei. Please check your email and confirm your registration. The brief argues that these questions argue for withholding the ultimate, irreversible punishment of death in such cases.
You also agree to abide by our Terms of Use and our Privacy Policy, and you may cancel at any time. Louisiana law allows the district attorney to seek the death penalty for defendants found guilty of raping children under the age of twelve. Die Untersuchung des Tatortes ergab, dass die Aussagen des Mädchens zum Tathergang nicht der Wahrheit entsprachen. Unlock your Study Buddy for the 14 day, no risk, unlimited trial. Nevertheless, the total number of states with such provisions is still small.
Among his sixty-nine allegations of error, Kennedy claimed that his death sentence violated the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment because it was a disproportionate penalty for a crime that did not result in loss of life. Der Oberste Gerichtshof hatte sich bereits 1977 im Fall Coker v. Georgia mit der Frage zu beschäftigen, ob auch für ein Nicht-Tötungsdelikt die Todesstrafe ausgesprochen werden darf. No jurisdiction has executed an individual for rape of an adult or child since 1964 and no individual has been executed for any other nonhomicide crime since 1963.
Mai 2007 das Urteil.[4]. The potential consequences of such insufficiently constrained discretion are delineated in the ACLU-NAACP amicus brief, which emphasizes historic and lingering racial bias as a factor in death penalty sentencing. Falls dem so ist, ob die gesetzlichen Bestimmungen des Staates Louisiana insofern den achten Verfassungszusatz verletzen, als dass die Gruppe der Täter, die für eine Todesstrafe in Betracht kommen können, nicht ausreichend eingeschränkt wird.“.
Finally, to emphasize the lifetime impact of sexual abuse, Louisiana cites high physical and psychological disorder rates among victims, with a correlation between more severe abuse and more significant long-term harm. Kennedy argues that both factors favor of reversal in this case. Schwere Vergewaltigung ist eine Vergewaltigung […] bei der die rechtmäßige Einwilligung des Opfers zum analen oder vaginalen Geschlechtsverkehr[1] nicht als erteilt gilt, weil sie unter einem […] der folgenden Umstände begangen wurde: Da sich der Angeklagte keinen Anwalt leisten konnte, wurde im Juni 1998 ein Pflichtverteidiger bestellt. Additionally, such a severe sentence may lead to reduced reporting of child rape, particularly when family members are involved. The Louisiana Supreme Court also rejected Kennedy's argument that the aggravating circumstances used in the case did not sufficiently narrow the group of persons eligible for death sentences for this crime.
Louisiana charged petitioner with the aggravated rape of his then-8-year-old stepdaughter.