On April 1, 2003 the US Supreme Court heard oral arguments for Grutter. The Supreme Court affirmed the Sixth Circuit's reversal of the District Court decision, thereby upholding the University's admissions policy. In Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) a separate case decided on the same day as Grutter, the Court struck down a points-based admissions system that awarded an automatic bonus to the admissions scores of minority applicants. The plaintiffs subsequently requested the Supreme Court review. After the ruling, Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette announced he would appeal the court ruling to the Supreme Court. With these observations, I join the last sentence of Part III of the opinion of the Court. 1163 32 The plaintiff again appealed to the Supreme Court in 2016, which held that the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit correctly found that the University of Texas at Austin's undergraduate admissions policy survived strict scrutiny, in accordance with Fisher v. University of Texas (2013). 0000007777 00000 n Grutter, Barbara J. Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justices Scalia, Kennedy, and Thomas dissented. [citation omitted] The Court defines this time limit in terms of narrow tailoring, [internal citation omitted] but I believe this arises from its refusal to define rigorously the broad state interest vindicated today. View Barbara Grutter’s profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. startxref

Petitioner Barbara Grutter is a white Michigan resident who applied to the Law School in 1996 with a 3.8 grade point average and 161 LSAT score. 0000005106 00000 n The same advocacy group and legal team challenging UT Austin also filed lawsuits against Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in November 2014. The Court agreed to hear the case, the first time the Court had heard a case on affirmative action in education since the landmark Bakke decision of 25 years prior. 0000002221 00000 n Even though she scored a 161 on the LSAT, Grutter postponed a Law School career to start a successful health care information firm. 0000002018 00000 n The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit overturned MCRI on July 1, 2011. O'Connor's opinion answers the question for the time being as to whether "diversity" in higher education is a compelling governmental interest.

Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), was a landmark case of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning affirmative action in student admissions.

In the majority were Justices O'Connor, Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer. For the immediate future, however, the majority has placed its imprimatur on a practice that can only weaken the principle of equality embodied in the Declaration of Independence and the Equal Protection Clause. 1163 0 obj <> endobj The case generated a record number of amicus curiae briefs from institutional supporters of affirmative action. As long as the program is "narrowly tailored" to achieve that end, it seems likely that the Court will find it constitutional. These cases are pending in U.S. District Courts and are partially on hold until the Supreme Court provides further guidance in its second UT Austin ruling. The Sixth Circuit reversed, holding that Justice Powell's opinion in. 0000010860 00000 n Grutter, Barbara J. 0000004290 00000 n § 1981; that she was rejected because the Law School uses race as a "predominant" factor, giving applicants belonging to certain minority groups a significantly greater chance of admission than students with similar credentials from disfavored racial groups; and that respondents had no compelling interest to justify that use of race. The measure, called the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, or Proposal 2, passed in November 2006 and prohibited the use of race in the Law School admissions processes. Justice Thomas, writing that the system was "illegal now", concurred with the majority only on the point that he agreed the system would still be illegal 25 years hence. This page was last edited on 11 September 2020, at 04:39. Pastor Mack Strange officiating.

Justice Thomas, joined by Justice Scalia, issued a strongly worded opinion, concurring in part and dissenting in part, arguing that if Michigan could not remain a prestigious institution and admit students under a race-neutral system, the "Law School should be forced to choose between its classroom aesthetic and its exclusionary admissions system."
Judges R. Guy Cole Jr. and Martha Craig Daughtrey said that "Proposal 2 reorders the political process in Michigan to place special burdens on minority interests." Ms Grutter, who was 43-years-old at the time of her application, had graduated from college with a 3.8 grade-point average (GPA) and submitted a LSAT score of 161, placing her in the 86th percentile of LSAT test-takers nationally.
0000002676 00000 n Moreover, Justice Thomas noted that in United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996), the Court required the Virginia Military Institute to radically reshape its admissions process and the character of that institution.

The opinion read, "race-conscious admissions policies must be limited in time." According to Thomas, "the Court is willfully blind to the very real experience in California and elsewhere, which raises the inference that institutions with 'reputations for excellence'...rivaling [Michigan Law's] have satisfied their sense of mission without resorting to prohibited racial discrimination.". Public universities and other public institutions of higher education across the nation are now allowed to use race as a plus factor in determining whether a student should be admitted. Dear Mike and family,I am sorry you lost Barb so soon. Chief Justice Rehnquist, joined by Justice Scalia, Justice Kennedy, and Justice Thomas, argued the Law School's admissions policy was an attempt to achieve an unconstitutional type of racial balancing. 0000009081 00000 n A final criticism leveled at Justice O'Connor's opinion was the length of time the racial admissions policy will be lawful. She was preceded in death by her parents.

This decision was upheld by the full Court of Appeals on November 16, 2012. Barb was born May 20, 1960 in Grand Rapids, MI the daughter of Cyril "Gene" and JoAnn (Overley) Adams. Memorial contributions may be made to the American Cancer Society. 0000004824 00000 n It has been nearly 140 years since Frederick Douglass asked the intellectual ancestors of the Law School to "[d]o nothing with us!" In this case, the Court reaffirmed that universities were entitled to deference on their judgment that diversity is a compelling state interest. Following the decision, petitions were circulated to change the Michigan State Constitution. Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), was a landmark case of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning affirmative action in student admissions. The school admitted that its admission process favored certain minority groups, but argued that there was a compelling state interest to ensure a "critical mass" of students from minority groups. The decision largely upheld the position asserted in Justice Powell's concurrence in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, which allowed race to be a consideration in admissions policy, but held that quotas were illegal. Get email updates about Barbara Grutter delivered directly to your inbox. %PDF-1.4 %���� While race may not be the only factor, the decision allows admissions bodies to take race into consideration along with other individualized factors in reviewing a student's application.

The Court allowed the recordings of the arguments to be released to the public the same day, only the second time the Court had allowed same-day release of oral arguments. "The Court takes the Law School at its word that it would like nothing better than to find a race-neutral admissions formula and will terminate its use of racial preferences as soon as practicable. Also, know you will see her again when the Lord takes you home.God Bless you and your family and keep you in the palm of His hand.


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