Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives, Social learning in a Social Hierarchy: An Experimental Study, The evolution of cultural adaptations: Fijian taboos during pregnancy and lactation protect against marine toxins, © 2020 American Psychological Association. Henrich, J., & McElreath, R. (2007). Overall, much theory and evidence now converges to indicate that we are an ultra-cultural species —unlike any other—whose brains, genes, and biology have long been shaped by the interaction between cultural and genetic evolution. Answer. Often using formal evolutionary models (Boyd & Richerson, 1985), we consider how evolutionary processes might shape a species so heavily dependent on learning from others.
Boyd, R., Richerson, P. J., & Henrich, J. In particular, much empirical work focuses on systematic, comparative, long-term field work in diverse human communities—including small-scale societies—using a combination of ethnographic, observational, and experimental methods (Henrich et al., 2004; Henrich & McElreath, 2002; Henrich & Henrich, 2007). Catching fire: how cooking made us human. 119-136): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. At this point, our approach has generated some follow-up by other researchers, including work that hormonally distinguishes prestige and dominance (Johnson, Burk, & Kirkpatrick, 2007), reveals related emotions (Algoe, Haidt, & Silvers, 2006), demonstrates strategic female mate preferences (Snyder, Kirkpatrick, & Barrett, 2008), applies our concept to celebrity gossip (De Backer, Nelissen, Vyncke, Braeckman, & McAndrew, 2007) and explores the impact on economic decision-making (Bruno, 2006; Eckel & Wilson, 2000). Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups.
Henrich, J. Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. (1992). Pillutla, M. M., & Chen, X. P. (1999). Birch, S., Akmal, N., & Frampton, K. (2010). The evolution of cultural evolution. The views expressed in Science Briefs are those of the authors and do not reflect the opinions or policies of APA.
What does the "S" in Harry S. Truman stand for? Cognitive Development, 24(1), 61-69. Cumulative cultural evolution has delivered both our fancy technologies as well as the subtle and unconscious ways that humans have adapted their behavior and thinking to tackle environmental challenges (Henrich & Henrich, 2010). Ano ang kahinaan at kalakasan ng top down approach? (forthcoming). Henrich, J., Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. J. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Long before the origins of agriculture, humans expanded across the globe, from the arid deserts of Australia to the frozen tundra of the Canadian Arctic.
McElreath, R., Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. J. The informational view hypothesizes that people over-imitate because of an evolved reliance on cultural learning to adaptively acquire complex and cognitively-opaque skills, techniques and practices that have been honed, often in nuanced and subtle ways, over generations. Cultural evolution – anthropology’s first systematic ethnological theory – was intended to help explain this diversity among the peoples of the world. . Within psychology, empirical support can be found in the work of Bandura and colleagues (Bandura, 1977; Rosenthal & Zimmerman, 1978), as well as in many separate research programs within social psychology such as those focused on conformity, persuasion, and influence (Mesoudi, 2009b). Cheng, J., Tracy, J., Foulsham, T., & Kingstone, A. Priming “markets” and “God” (Shariff & Norenzayan, 2007), for example, increase trust and giving (respectively) in behavioral experiments, though “God primes” only work on theists. Journal of Cognition and Development, 10(1-2), 1-17.
Rakoczy, H., Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2009). Dominance and prestige as differential predictors of aggression and testosterone levels in men. Gene-culture coevolution in the age of genomics. Such a reduced investment in digestive tissues may have freed up energy for more brain building, and perhaps a greater reliance on cultural information. Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. (1996).
McElreath, R., Bell, A. V., Efferson, C., Lubell, M., Richerson, P. J., & Waring, T. (2008). Help us improve your experience by providing feedback on this page. The psychological structure of pride: A tale of two facets. In 2004, while he was on the faculty at Emory University, he was awarded the U.S. Presidential Early Career Award. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press ; Bristol : University Presses Marketing [distributor]. Science, 325(5942), 859. For example, it appears that the practice of cooking spread by social learning in ancestral human populations. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall. (2004a). Three- and four-year-olds spontaneously use others' past performance to guide their learning. Epidemic suicide among Micronesian adolescents. A cultural species.
Reputation and the evolution of conflict. Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. J. Conformists and mavericks: The empirics of frequency-dependent cultural transmission. (2009a). This approach also predicts that humans ought to be inclined to “over-imitate” for two different evolutionary reasons, one informational and the other normative (Henrich & Henrich, 2007). Did Mac Davis steal Annie away from John Denver? These cultural evolutionary models also help us to understand how our cognitive processes for cultural learning give rise to many sociological phenomena, like social classes, castes (Henrich & Boyd, 2008), cultures of honor (McElreath, 2003), ethnic groups (Boyd & Richerson, 1987; Henrich & Henrich, 2007: Chapter 9; McElreath, Boyd, & Richerson, 2003) and large-scale cooperation (Boyd, Richerson, & Henrich, 2011b; Henrich, 2004a). Rakoczy, H., Hamann, K., Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2010). Chimpanzees are indifferent to the welfare of unrelated group members. American Economic Review, 91(2), 73-78. This lays a theoretical foundation for research on natural pedagogy by suggesting that humans are programmed to attend to cues that activate an expectation of learning normative information (Topal, Gergely, Miklosi, Erdohegyi, & Csibra, 2008). Adults don't always know best. .
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Plos One, 4(9), -. (2010). Poppe, M. (2005). Experimental work among species ranging from rats to sticklebacks (fish) has recently demonstrated that, while no cumulative cultural evolution occurs in non-humans, these species do use many of the same adaptive cues and biases predicted by the theory (Galef, 2009; Hoppitt & Laland, 2008). Self-regard precludes altruism and spite in chimpanzees. Culture-gene coevolution, large-scale cooperation and the shaping of human social psychology.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 366, 1139-1148. While showing no conscious awareness of the differential attention or play preferences for the models, the children preferentially imitated the artifact manipulation and food and drink choices of the models that were watched more by other people in the initial scene (Chudek, Heller, Birch, & Henrich, 2011). In the case of ethnic groups, for example, such models explore how genes and culture coevolve.
Each of these cultural packages, which have emerged relatively recently in human history, impacts our psychology and behavior. Understanding and theorizing how cultural processes have shaped human evolution provides a framework that unifies and underpins research programs across the social, biological, and historical sciences. (1985). Hoppitt, W., & Laland, K. N. (2008). On the nature of cultural transmission networks: Evidence from Fijian villages for adaptive learning biases. Cloudflare Ray ID: 5db57782fcadebc5 Social information guides infants' selection of foods. Stenberg, G. (2009).
Cultural transmission and the diffusion of innovations: Adoption dynamics indicate that biased cultural transmission is the predominate force in behavioral change and much of sociocultural evolution. (2007). (2011a).
Laland, K. N., Kumm, J., & Feldman, M. W. (1995). Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. J.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences.
The coevolved norms psychology hypothesized by these models unites much work from across the social sciences. Current Anthropology, 36(1), 131-156. Child Development. Lacking local cultural knowledge, many an explorer has perished in supposedly “harsh” environments in which local adolescents would have easily survived (Boyd, Richerson, & Henrich, 2011a). The weirdest people in the word? Science, 328(5975), 208-213. (2001). Ethnographically, this diversity is at least partially rooted in culturally-acquired and widely shared social rules.