The Irish provided mostly unskilled labor in factories, textile mills, and large infrastructure projects such as canals and railroads. By 1890, two of every five Irish-born people were living abroad. By the mid 19th century, the region became closely tied to the other northern states. Lincoln won no state in the south, all the northern states. In 1840 americans outnumbered British and demanded to become a state.

So did an equal number of Germans. Buchanan happy with the decision tried to get Kansas into the Union as a slave state.

The huge majority of them were either Irish or Germans.

Many Irish went to the emerging textile- mill towns of the Northeast; some also migrated to the interior of America to work on large-scale infrastructure projects such as canals and railroads. Gold found in the Sierra Nevada's flock to California to find gold. By the end of this increase, most of the American population centered around the urban, industrial centers in the Northeast and Northwest.

AP.USH: KC‑4.2.III.A (KC), SOC (Theme), Unit 4: Learning Objective F. Famine and political revolution in Europe led millions of Irish and German citizens to immigrate to America in the mid-nineteenth century. Immigrant communities were attracted to a wide range of jobs: Irish immigrants largely became factory workers and laborers, while German immigrants became skilled craftsmen, entrepreneurs, and farmers.
It was at this time that the term “nativist” first appeared; opponents denounced them as “bigoted nativists.” In the 1854 elections, Nativists won control of state governments in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and California. Wealth was measured in this region in terms of the amount of slaves and land. Male Irish immigrants also competed with native-born men. With the vast numbers of German and Irish coming to America, hostility to them erupted.

Democrats were torn, Baltimore elected Stephen Douglass as rep, while Richmond elected John C. Breckinridge from Kentucky.

“Germania” was the common term for German-American neighborhoods and their organizations. Many Irish immigrants became unskilled workers on infrastructure projects and in factories; many German immigrants became farmers and craftsmen. In 1854 a record 428,000 people arrived in the United States. Between 1820 and World War I, many German political refugees came to America following a series of German revolutions. Jefferson's presidency and the turn of the nineteenth century, The Louisiana Purchase and its exploration, Practice: Jefferson's election and presidency, The Market Revolution - textile mills and the cotton gin, The Market Revolution - communication and transportation, The Market Revolution - impact and significance, Practice: The 1820s and the Market Revolution. Many communities acquired distinctive names suggesting their heritage, such as the “Over-the-Rhine” district in Cincinnati and the “German Village” in Columbus, Ohio. Nineteenth-century Protestant American “nativist” discrimination against Irish Catholics reached a peak in the mid-1850s, when the Know-Nothing Party tried to oust Catholics from public office. The California gold rush rapidly expanded the population of the new territory, attracting thousands of immigrants from Latin America, China, Australia, and Europe; it also prompted concerns about immigration, especially from China.
Roughly half of German immigrants settled in cities and became skilled workers and entrepreneurs, while the other half established large farms in the Midwest. Most immigrants living in cities became Democrats because the party focused on the needs of commoners.

Scott Missouri slave of Sandford, who moved to Wisconsin and Illinois, once Sandford died, he sued the widow for freedom, however the brother claimed possession.

Part of the reason for the opposition was religious. At that time, descendants of the first wave of Irish immigration began to refer to themselves as “Scotch-Irish” to distinguish themselves from the newly arrived immigrants.

US, purchased this land for the southern transit option.

This map shows the large number of German Americans in the United States and their concentration in the northern region of the country.

I would advise all my friends to quit Ireland — the country most dear to me; as long as they remain in it they will be in bondage and misery. Ethnic and anti-Catholic rioting occurred in many northern cites, the largest occurring in Philadelphia in 1844 during a period of economic depression.

The Irish provided a ready source of unskilled labor needed to lay railroad tracks and dig canals. The unsuccessful 1848 Revolution in Germany also created considerable emigration. In 1850, California imposed a tax on foreign miners, and in 1858, it prohibited all immigration from China. Those already living here were not enthusiastic about these immigrants, because they were catholic, largely destitute and culturally somewhat different. Revolution. Many people immigrated from Ireland to work on infrastructure projects such as canals and railroads and settled in urban areas. As work became increasingly deskilled, no worker was irreplaceable, and no one’s job was safe. The largest flow of German immigration to America occurred between 1820 and World War I, during which time nearly six million Germans immigrated to the United States.

In the south tobacco, rice, and sugarcane were all important cash crops, but nothing compared to 'king' cotton (new land was constantly needed for the high yields of cotton because they would deplete the soil).

Immigration to the USA: 1820-1860 In the first half of the 19th century the United States was predominantly an agricultural country.

Nativist outbursts occurred in the Northeast from the 1830s to the 1850s, primarily in response to a surge of Irish Catholic immigration. I shudder when I think that starvation prevails to such an extent in poor Ireland. As they assimilated, Irish Americans contributed to U.S. culture in a wide variety of fields, such as the fine and performing arts, film, literature, politics, sports, and religion. In particular, large numbers of German immigrants became farmers in the United States. Sanford's attorney argued Scott had no right to sue because he was not a citizen.

Nativism’s prejudice was not exclusive to Irish Catholics, however: German and Chinese immigrants also came under attack during the second half of the nineteenth century. Mexico: gives up California and New Mexico to the USA, and recognize the Rio Grande as the southern border to the United States. characteristics of large working-class neighborhoods, crowded housing, poor sanitation, infectious disease, and high crime rates, the effect of industrial development in the north.


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